The Grail Center | Cornwall-on-Hudson

“Wild Animals of New Netherlands” in The Documentary History of the State of New York, by E.B. O’Callaghan (1851)

Land-history research for:

Tax ID #113-1-2.12, 119 Duncan Ave.
Tax ID #110-3-8, 79 Duncan Ave.
Tax ID #110-3-9, no street address

Contextualization Conversation

European Contact

The Doctrine of Discovery at The Grail Center

European Treatment of The Grail Center Land

Top: “Novissima et Accuratissima Totius Americae Descriptio (Newest and Most Accurate Description of the Americas),” by Nicholas Janzoon Visscher (1658)

Above: Dutch West India Company slave ship Beeckestijn docked in Amsterdam by Hendrik de Leth (c. 1735)

Flag of the Geoctrooieerde Westindische Compagnie (Dutch West India Company)

Settlement.

“[F]or the Term of four and twenty Years, none of the Natives or Inhabitants of these countries shall be permitted to sail to or from the said lands, or to traffic on the coast and countries of Africa . . . ., nor in the countries of America, or the West-Indies. . . but in the Name of this United Company of these United Netherlands. And whoever shall presume without the consent of this Company, to sail or to traffic in any of the Places within the aforesaid Limits granted to this Company, he shall forfeit the ships and the goods which shall be found. . . . [T]he aforesaid company . . . may promote the settlement of fertile and uninhabited districts, and do all that the service of those countries, and the profit and increase of trade shall require[.]”

Charter of the Dutch West India Company (1621)

Settler Colonialism

“New” Lands

“Purchase of Manhattan Island by Peter Minuit, 1626,” by Alfred Fredericks (1902)

Satisfy.

“Whosoever shall settle any colonies out of the limits of Manhattes Island must satisfy the Indians of that place for the land….”

Charter of Freedom and Exemptions (June 7, 1629)

Grant.

“That the said Sachems and their Subjects now present, do for and in the names of themselves and theire heirs forever, give, Grant, Alienate, and Confirme all their Right and Interest, Claime or demand, to a certaine Parcell of Land…”

Onackatin, Waposhequiqua, Sewakonama, and Shewatin, Nicolls Treaty (1665)

Contemporaneous engraving depicting the peace conference of Breda between England and the United Netherlands by Romeyn de Hooghe (1667)

Possess.

“[F]rom this day there shall be a true, firm, and inviolable peace, a most sincere friendship, a closer and stricter alliance and union between te Most Serene King of Great Britian and the High and Mighty State General of the United Provinces of the Netherlands . . . .[B]oth of the aforesaid parties, or either of them, shall keep and possess hereafter, with plenary right of sovereignty, property, and possession, all such lands . . . as during this war, . . . they have seized or retained from the other party[.]”

Great Britain - Netherlands Treaty of Breda (1667)

“The Great Indian Council, 1793” by Lewis Foy (1793)

Peace.

“You have talked to us about concessions. It appears strange that you should expect any from us, who have only been defending our just rights against your invasions. We want peace. restore to us our country, and we shall be enemies no longer.

General Council of the Wyandots, Seven Nations of Canada, Delwares, Shawanese Miamies, Ottawas, Chippewas, Senecas of the Glaize, Pattawatamies, Connoys, Munsees, Nantekokies, Mohicans, Messasagoes, Creeks, and Cherokees to the the Commissioners of the United States (August. 16, 1793)